Aiki na formic acid

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da karuwar karancin albarkatun burbushin halittu da tabarbarewar muhallin rayuwar bil'adama, yadda ya kamata da dorewar amfani da albarkatun da ake sabunta su kamar biomass ya zama abin da aka fi mayar da hankali kan bincike da lura da masana kimiyya a duniya.Formic acid, Ɗaya daga cikin manyan samfurori a cikin biorefining, yana da halaye na arha da sauƙi don samun, ba mai guba ba, yawan makamashi mai yawa, sabuntawa da lalacewa, da dai sauransu Yin amfani da shi zuwa sabon amfani da makamashi da kuma canjin sinadarai ba kawai yana taimakawa wajen kara fadadawa ba. filin aikace-aikace naformic acid, amma kuma yana taimakawa wajen magance wasu matsaloli na gama gari a cikin fasahar biorefining na gaba. Wannan takarda ta ɗan yi bitar tarihin bincike na formic acid amfani, taƙaita sabon ci gaban bincike naformic acid a matsayin ingantaccen kuma Multi-manufa reagent da albarkatun kasa a cikin sinadaran kira da catalytic hira da biomass, da kuma kwatanta da kuma nazarin asali manufa da catalytic tsarin yin amfani da. formic acid kunnawa don cimma ingantaccen canjin sinadarai. An yi nuni da cewa, ya kamata bincike na gaba ya mayar da hankali kan inganta yadda ake amfani da sinadarin formic acid da kuma gane babban zabar hadaddiyar giyar, da kuma kara fadada filin aikace-aikacensa a kan haka.

A cikin hadaddun sunadarai,formic acid, A matsayin muhalli m da kuma sabunta Multi-aikin reagent, za a iya amfani da a cikin zabin hira tsari na daban-daban ayyuka kungiyoyin. A matsayin reagent canja wurin hydrogen ko rage wakili tare da babban abun ciki na hydrogen,formic acid yana da fa'idodi na aiki mai sauƙi da sarrafawa, yanayi mai sauƙi da zaɓin sinadarai mai kyau idan aka kwatanta da hydrogen na gargajiya. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin zaɓin rage aldehydes, nitro, imines, nitriles, alkynes, alkenes da sauransu don samar da barasa masu dacewa, amines, alkenes da alkanes. Kuma hydrolysis da aikin kungiyar deprotection na alcohols da epoxides. Ganin cewaformic acid Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi azaman albarkatun ƙasa na C1, azaman maɓalli mai mahimmanci mai mahimmanci na asali,formic acid Hakanan za'a iya amfani da shi don rage haɓakar abubuwan haɓakar quinoline, haɓakawa da methylation na mahadi amine, carbonylation na olefin da rage hydration na alkynes da sauran halayen tandem multistage, wanda shine hanya mai mahimmanci don cimma ingantacciyar hanyar haɓakar kore mai sauƙi da hadaddun kwayoyin halitta. kwayoyin halitta. Kalubalen irin waɗannan hanyoyin shine don nemo masu haɓaka aikin multifunctional tare da babban zaɓi da aiki don kunna kunnawa mai sarrafawa. formic acid da takamaiman ƙungiyoyin aiki. Bugu da kari, binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa yin amfani da formic acid kamar C1 albarkatun kasa kuma na iya haɗa nau'ikan sinadarai kai tsaye kamar methanol tare da babban zaɓi ta hanyar haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar ƙwayoyin cuta.

A catalytic hira da biomass, da multifunctional Properties naformic acidsamar da yuwuwar fahimtar kore, amintattu da hanyoyin sarrafa biorefining masu tsada. Albarkatun halittu sune mafi girma kuma mafi ƙwarin gwiwar ɗorewa madadin albarkatun, amma canza su zuwa nau'ikan albarkatu masu amfani ya kasance kalubale. Ana iya amfani da kaddarorin acid da kyawawan kaddarorin kaushi na formic acid zuwa tsarin pretreatment na albarkatun albarkatun halittu don gane rarrabuwar abubuwan haɗin lignocellulose da cirewar cellulose. Idan aka kwatanta da na gargajiya inorganic acid pretreatment tsarin, yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga low tafasasshen batu, sauki rabuwa, babu gabatarwar inorganic ions, da karfi karfinsu ga kasa halayen. A matsayin ingantaccen tushen hydrogen,formic acid Har ila yau, an yi nazari sosai kuma an yi amfani da shi a cikin zaɓin jujjuyawar dandali na mahallin mahaɗan biomass zuwa sinadarai masu ƙima, lalata lignin zuwa mahadi masu kamshi, da matakan tacewa na bio-man hydrodeoxidation. Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin hydrogenation na gargajiya wanda ya dogara da H2, formic acid yana da ingantaccen juzu'i da yanayi mai sauƙi. Yana da sauƙi kuma mai aminci, kuma yana iya rage yawan amfani da makamashi na albarkatun burbushin yadda ya kamata a cikin tsarin tace halittu masu alaƙa. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa ta hanyar depolymerizing lignin oxidized a cikiformic acid Maganin ruwa mai ruwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai laushi, ana iya samun maganin ƙanshi mai ƙarancin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tare da nauyin nauyi fiye da 60%. Wannan sabon binciken yana kawo sabbin damammaki don fitar da sinadarai masu kamshi kai tsaye daga lignin.

A taƙaice, tushen halittu formic acidya nuna babban yuwuwar a cikin koren kwayoyin halitta da jujjuyawar halittu, da versatility da multipurpose suna da mahimmanci don cimma ingantaccen amfani da albarkatun ƙasa da zaɓin samfuran manufa. A halin yanzu, wannan filin ya sami wasu nasarori kuma an haɓaka shi cikin sauri, amma har yanzu akwai nisa mai yawa daga ainihin aikace-aikacen masana'antu, kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike. Ya kamata bincike na gaba ya mayar da hankali kan abubuwa masu zuwa: (1) yadda za a zaɓi karafa masu aiki masu dacewa da tsarin amsawa don takamaiman halayen; (2) yadda ake iya aiki da inganci da sarrafawa ta hanyar kunna formic acid a gaban sauran albarkatun ƙasa da reagents; (3) Yadda za a fahimci tsarin amsawa na hadaddun halayen daga matakin kwayoyin; (4) Yadda za a daidaita madaidaicin mai haɓakawa a cikin tsarin da ya dace. Sa ido ga nan gaba, bisa la'akari da bukatun al'umma na zamani don muhalli, tattalin arziki da ci gaba mai dorewa, kimiyyar sinadarai na formic acid za ta sami ƙarin kulawa da bincike daga masana'antu da masana kimiyya.