Shiri da aikace-aikace na glacial acetic acid
Acetic acid, kuma ake kiraacetic acid, glacial acetic acid, tsarin sinadaraiCH3 COOH, shi ne Organic monic acid da kuma ɗan gajeren sarka cikakken fatty acid, wanda shine tushen acid da ƙamshi a cikin vinegar. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, ana kiran shi "acetic acid", amma ana kiran tsantsa kuma kusan anhydrous acetic acid (kasa da 1% abun ciki na ruwa)"glacial acetic acid", wanda shine ƙaƙƙarfan hygroscopic mara launi tare da wurin daskarewa na 16 zuwa 17° C (62° F), kuma bayan ƙarfafawa, kristal mara launi. Ko da yake acetic acid acid ne mai rauni, yana da lalata, tururinsa na damun ido da hanci, kuma yana wari da tsami.
tarihi
Bukatar shekara-shekara na duniyaacetic acid kusan tan miliyan 6.5 ne. Daga cikin wannan, ana sake yin amfani da kusan tan miliyan 1.5 sannan sauran tan miliyan 5 ana samar da su kai tsaye daga kayan abinci na petrochemical ko kuma ta hanyar fermentation na halitta.
Theglacial acetic acid Ana iya samun kwayoyin cuta masu taki (Acetobacter) a kowane lungu na duniya, kuma babu makawa kowace al'umma ta sami vinegar lokacin yin ruwan inabi - shi ne samfurin dabi'ar wadannan abubuwan sha da aka fallasa zuwa iska. Alal misali, a kasar Sin, akwai wata magana cewa, ɗan Du Kang, Black Tower, ya sami vinegar saboda ya yi dogon lokaci.
Amfani daglacial acetic acida cikin ilmin sunadarai ya samo asali tun zamanin da. A cikin karni na 3 BC, masanin falsafa na Girka Theophrastus ya bayyana dalla-dalla yadda acetic acid ke amsawa da karafa don samar da pigments da ake amfani da su a cikin fasaha, gami da farin gubar (karbonin gubar) da patina (cakude na gishirin jan karfe ciki har da jan karfe acetate). Romawa na d ¯ a sun dafa ruwan inabi mai tsami a cikin kwantenan dalma don samar da sirop mai daɗi da ake kira sapa. sapa yana da wadata a cikin sigar gubar mai kamshi, gubar acetate, wanda ya haifar da gubar dalma a tsakanin sarakunan Romawa. A cikin karni na 8, masanin alchemist na Farisa Jaber ya mayar da hankalin acetic acid a cikin vinegar ta hanyar distillation.
A shekara ta 1847, masanin kimiyar Jamus Adolf Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe ya haɗa acetic acid daga albarkatun inorganic a karon farko. Tsarin wannan dauki shine farkon carbon disulfide ta hanyar chlorination zuwa carbon tetrachloride, sannan kuma yanayin zafi mai zafi na tetrachlorethylene bayan hydrolysis, da chlorination, don haka samar da trichloroacetic acid, mataki na ƙarshe ta hanyar raguwar electrolytic don samar da acetic acid.
A cikin 1910, mafi yawanglacial acetic acid an fitar da shi daga kwalta ta kwal daga itacen da aka mayar. Da farko, ana maganin tarkon kwal da calcium hydroxide, sannan a sanya sinadarin calcium acetate acid da sulfuric acid don samun acetic acid a ciki. Kimanin tan 10,000 na glacial acetic acid aka samar a Jamus a wannan lokacin, 30% na wanda aka yi amfani da shi don yin rini na indigo.
shiri
Glacial acetic acid za a iya shirya ta wucin gadi kira da kwayan fermentation. A yau, biosynthesis, yin amfani da fermentation na kwayan cuta, yana da kashi 10 cikin 100 na yawan abin da ake samarwa a duniya, amma har yanzu shine hanya mafi mahimmanci na samar da vinegar, saboda ka'idodin kiyaye abinci a ƙasashe da yawa suna buƙatar a shirya vinegar a cikin abinci ta hanyar ilimin halitta. 75% naacetic acid don amfanin masana'antu ana samarwa ta hanyar carbonylation na methanol. Ana hada sassan da babu kowa ta wasu hanyoyi.
amfani
Glacial acetic acid acid acid ne mai sauƙi, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar methyl ɗaya da ƙungiyar carboxylic ɗaya, kuma shine muhimmin reagent sinadarai. A cikin masana'antar sinadarai, ana amfani da shi don yin polyethylene terephthalate, babban ɓangaren kwalabe na abin sha.Glacial acetic acid Hakanan ana amfani dashi don yin acetate cellulose don fim da polyvinyl acetate don adhesives na itace, da kuma filaye masu yawa da yadudduka. A cikin gida, tsarma bayani na glacial acetic acidyawanci ana amfani dashi azaman wakili mai lalatawa. A cikin masana'antar abinci, an ƙayyade acetic acid a matsayin mai sarrafa acidity a cikin jerin abubuwan ƙari na abinci E260.
Glacial acetic acidshi ne ainihin sinadaran reagent da ake amfani da shi a cikin shirye-shiryen da yawa mahadi. Amfanin guda ɗaya acetic acid shine shirye-shiryen vinyl acetate monomer, sannan da shirye-shiryen acetic anhydride da sauran esters. Theacetic acid a cikin vinegar kadan ne kawai na dukglacial acetic acid.
Ana amfani da maganin diluted acetic acid a matsayin wakili mai cire tsatsa saboda ƙarancin acidity. Hakanan ana amfani da acidity ɗinsa don magance tururuwa da Cubomedusae ke haifarwa kuma, idan aka yi amfani da shi a cikin lokaci, zai iya hana mummunan rauni ko ma mutuwa ta hanyar lalata ƙwayoyin jellyfish. Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don shirya don maganin otitis externa tare da Vosol.Acetic acid ana kuma amfani da shi azaman maganin feshi don hana ci gaban ƙwayoyin cuta da fungi.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-28-2024