【Bambanci】
Matsayin narkewar acetic acid mai tsafta shine digiri 16.7, don haka acetic acid zai samar da kankara bayan yanayin zafi ya ragu, kuma ana kiran shi glacial acetic acid. Acetic acid shine sunan gaba ɗaya, yana iya zama babban tsarki, kuma yana iya zama ƙarancin tsarki. Glacial acetic acid da acetic acid abu ɗaya ne, tare da ƙaƙƙarfan ƙamshi mai ƙarfi, bambancin shine kawai ko yana da ƙarfi, acetic acid gabaɗaya ruwa ne a cikin dakin da zafin jiki na 20 ° C, kuma gabaɗaya yana da ƙarfi a ƙananan zafin jiki na 16 ° C, wanda kuma ake kira glacial acetic acid.
Glacial acetic acid (tsaftataccen al'amari), wato anhydrous acetic acid, acetic acid daya ne daga cikin muhimman kwayoyin acid, kwayoyin mahadi. Yana ƙarfafawa cikin ƙanƙara a ƙananan yanayin zafi kuma ana kiransa da glacial acetic acid. Fadada ƙarar yayin ƙarfafawa na iya haifar da ɓarkewar akwati. Ma'anar walƙiya shine 39 ℃, iyakar fashewa shine 4.0% ~ 16.0%, kuma ƙaddamarwar da aka yarda a cikin iska ba ta wuce 25mg / m3 ba. Pure acetic acid zai daskare zuwa cikin lu'ulu'u-kamar kankara a ƙasa da wurin narkewa, don haka anhydrous acetic acid kuma ana kiransa glacial acetic acid.
Bugu da ƙari, acetic acid shine farkon kuma mafi yawan amfani da dandano na acid a cikin Sin. Acetic acid (36% -38%), glacial acetic acid (98%), dabarar sinadarai CH3COOH, shi ne kwayoyin monic acid, babban bangaren vinegar.
【 Tsari】
Acetic acid za a iya shirya ta wucin gadi kira da kwayan cuta fermentation. Biosynthesis, amfani da fermentation na kwayan cuta, yana da kashi 10% na yawan abin da ake samarwa a duniya, amma har yanzu shine hanya mafi mahimmanci na samar da acetic acid, musamman vinegar, saboda yawancin dokokin kiyaye abinci na ƙasashe suna buƙatar cewa vinegar a cikin abinci dole ne a shirya ta hanyar. hanyoyin nazarin halittu, kuma fermentation ya kasu kashi aerobic fermentation da anaerobic fermentation.
(1) Hanyar fermentation na Aerobic
A gaban isassun iskar oxygen, ƙwayoyin cuta na Acetobacter na iya samar da acetic acid daga abinci mai ɗauke da barasa. Yawancin lokaci cider ko ruwan inabi gauraye da hatsi, malt, shinkafa ko dankali ana niƙa kuma a haɗe. Wadannan abubuwa za a iya haɗe su cikin acetic acid a gaban wani catalytic enzyme karkashin oxygen.
(2) Hanyar anaerobic fermentation
Wasu kwayoyin anaerobic, ciki har da wasu mambobi na Clostridium genus, suna iya canza sukari kai tsaye zuwa acetic acid ba tare da buƙatar ethanol a matsayin matsakaici ba. Sucrose na iya zama fermented cikin acetic acid idan babu iskar oxygen.
Bugu da ƙari, yawancin ƙwayoyin cuta suna iya samar da acetic acid daga mahadi masu ɗauke da carbon guda ɗaya kawai, kamar methanol, carbon monoxide, ko cakuda carbon dioxide da hydrogen.
【 Aikace-aikace】
1. Acetic acid Kalam: yafi amfani a cikin kira na acetic anhydride, acetate, terephthalic acid, vinyl acetate / polyvinyl barasa, cellulose acetate, ketenone, chloroacetic acid, halogenated acetic acid, da dai sauransu
2. Magani: Acetic acid, a matsayin sauran ƙarfi da kuma Pharmaceutical albarkatun kasa, yafi amfani a samar da penicillin G potassium, penicillin G sodium, procaine penicillin, antipyretic Allunan, sulfadiazine, sulfamethylisoxazole, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, acetylsalicylic acid, prednisnace acid. , maganin kafeyin da sauran masu tsaka-tsaki: acetate, sodium diacetate, peracetic acid, da dai sauransu
3. Pigment da textile printing da rini: akasari ana amfani da su wajen samar da rini mai tarwatsewa da rini na VAT, da kuma bugu da sarrafa rini.
4. roba ammonia: A cikin nau'i na jan karfe acetate ammonia ruwa, ana amfani dashi azaman iskar gas mai ladabi don cire ƙaramin adadin CO da CO2 da ke ciki.
5. A cikin hotuna: A girke-girke ga developer
6. A cikin roba na halitta: ana amfani dashi azaman coagulant
7. Gine-gine masana'antu: a matsayin anticoagulant
Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin maganin ruwa, fibers na roba, magungunan kashe qwari, robobi, fata, sutura, sarrafa karfe da masana'antar roba.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-18-2024