A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da karuwar karancin albarkatun burbushin halittu da tabarbarewar muhallin rayuwar bil'adama, yadda ya kamata da dorewar amfani da albarkatun da ake sabunta su kamar biomass ya zama abin da aka fi mayar da hankali kan bincike da lura da masana kimiyya a duniya. Formic acid, daya daga cikin manyan ta-samfurin a biorefining, yana da halaye na arha da sauki a samu, ba mai guba, high makamashi yawa, sabuntawa da kuma lalata, da dai sauransu Aiwatar da shi zuwa ga sabon makamashi amfani da kuma sinadaran canji ba kawai taimaka wa. yana kara fadada filin aikace-aikace na formic acid, amma kuma yana taimakawa wajen magance wasu matsaloli na gama gari a fasahar biorefining na gaba. Wannan takarda ta ɗan yi nazari kan tarihin bincike na amfani da acid acid, ta taƙaita sabon ci gaban bincike na formic acid a matsayin ingantaccen kuma mai amfani da maƙasudi da albarkatun ƙasa a cikin haɗaɗɗun sinadarai da jujjuyawar biomass, kuma idan aka kwatanta da nazarin ƙa'idar asali da tsarin catalytic. na amfani da formic acid kunnawa don cimma ingantacciyar jujjuyawar sinadarai. An yi nuni da cewa, ya kamata bincike na gaba ya mayar da hankali kan inganta yadda ake amfani da sinadarin formic acid da kuma gane babban zabar hadaddiyar giyar, da kuma kara fadada filin aikace-aikacensa a kan haka.
A cikin sunadarai kira, formic acid, a matsayin muhalli abokantaka da kuma sabunta Multi-aikin reagent, za a iya amfani da a cikin zaɓin hira tsari na daban-daban ayyuka kungiyoyin. A matsayin reagent canja wurin hydrogen ko rage wakili tare da babban abun ciki na hydrogen, formic acid yana da fa'idodin aiki mai sauƙi da sarrafawa, yanayi mai laushi da zaɓin sinadarai mai kyau idan aka kwatanta da hydrogen na gargajiya. Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin zaɓin rage aldehydes, nitro, imines, nitriles, alkynes, alkenes da sauransu don samar da barasa masu dacewa, amines, alkenes da alkanes. Kuma hydrolysis da aikin kungiyar deprotection na alcohols da epoxides. Dangane da gaskiyar cewa ana iya amfani da acid acid azaman C1 albarkatun ƙasa, azaman maɓallin maɓalli mai mahimmanci na asali, ana iya amfani da formic acid don rage haɓakar abubuwan haɓakar quinoline, haɓakawa da methylation na mahadi amine, carbonylation na olefin. da kuma rage hydration na alkynes da sauran multistage tandem halayen, wanda shine hanya mai mahimmanci don cimma ingantacciyar hanya mai sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi na haɓakar ƙwayoyin lafiya da hadaddun kwayoyin halitta. kwayoyin halitta. Kalubale na irin waɗannan hanyoyin shine don nemo masu haɓakawa da yawa tare da babban zaɓi da aiki don sarrafa kunnawa na formic acid da takamaiman ƙungiyoyin aiki. Bugu da kari, binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa yin amfani da formic acid azaman C1 albarkatun ƙasa kuma na iya haɗa nau'ikan sinadarai kai tsaye kamar methanol tare da zaɓi mai girma ta hanyar haɓaka rashin daidaituwa.
A cikin catalytic juzu'i na biomass, multifunctional Properties na formic acid samar da m ga gane kore, lafiya da kuma tsada-tasiri biorefining matakai. Albarkatun halittu sune mafi girma kuma mafi ƙwarin gwiwar ɗorewa madadin albarkatun, amma canza su zuwa nau'ikan albarkatu masu amfani ya kasance kalubale. Ana iya amfani da kaddarorin acid da kyawawan kaddarorin kaushi na formic acid zuwa tsarin pretreatment na albarkatun albarkatun halittu don gane rarrabuwar abubuwan haɗin lignocellulose da cirewar cellulose. Idan aka kwatanta da na gargajiya inorganic acid pretreatment tsarin, yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga low tafasasshen batu, sauki rabuwa, babu gabatarwar inorganic ions, da karfi karfinsu ga kasa halayen. A matsayin ingantaccen tushen hydrogen, an kuma yi amfani da formic acid a ko'ina a cikin zaɓin jujjuyawar mahaɗan dandamali na biomass zuwa sinadarai masu ƙima mai ƙima, lalata lignin zuwa mahadi masu ƙamshi, da hanyoyin tacewa na bio-man hydrodeoxidation. Idan aka kwatanta da tsarin hydrogenation na gargajiya wanda ya dogara da H2, formic acid yana da ingantaccen juzu'i da yanayi mai sauƙi. Yana da sauƙi kuma mai aminci, kuma yana iya rage yawan amfani da makamashi na albarkatun burbushin yadda ya kamata a cikin tsarin tace halittu masu alaƙa. Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa ta hanyar depolymerizing lignin oxidized a cikin maganin ruwa mai ruwa na formic acid a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai laushi, ana iya samun maganin ƙanshi mai ƙarancin ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta tare da nauyin nauyi sama da 60%. Wannan sabon binciken yana kawo sabbin damammaki don fitar da sinadarai masu kamshi kai tsaye daga lignin.
A taƙaice, tushen formic acid yana nuna babban yuwuwar a cikin koren ƙwayoyin halitta da jujjuyawar halittu, kuma ƙarfin sa da maƙasudin sa suna da mahimmanci don cimma ingantaccen amfani da albarkatun ƙasa da zaɓin samfuran da aka yi niyya. A halin yanzu, wannan filin ya sami wasu nasarori kuma an haɓaka shi cikin sauri, amma har yanzu akwai nisa mai yawa daga ainihin aikace-aikacen masana'antu, kuma ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike. Ya kamata bincike na gaba ya mayar da hankali kan abubuwa masu zuwa: (1) yadda za a zaɓi karafa masu aiki masu dacewa da tsarin amsawa don takamaiman halayen; (2) yadda ake iya aiki da inganci da sarrafawa ta hanyar kunna formic acid a gaban sauran albarkatun ƙasa da reagents; (3) Yadda za a fahimci tsarin amsawa na hadaddun halayen daga matakin kwayoyin; (4) Yadda za a daidaita madaidaicin mai haɓakawa a cikin tsarin da ya dace. Sa ido ga nan gaba, bisa la'akari da bukatun al'umma na zamani don yanayi, tattalin arziki da ci gaba mai dorewa, kimiyyar sinadarai na formic acid za ta sami ƙarin kulawa da bincike daga masana'antu da masana kimiyya.
Lokacin aikawa: Dec-19-2024