formic acid

1. Babban amfani da formic acid da ci gaban bincike a cikin ƙwayoyin mai
A matsayin kayan ajiya na hydrogen, formic acid zai iya sakin babban adadin hydrogen don amfani da shi ta hanyar da ya dace lokacin da ake bukata, kuma yana da tsayayyen tsaka-tsaki don amfani mai yawa da sufuri mai lafiya na makamashin hydrogen.
Formic acid ba kawai za a iya amfani da ko'ina a masana'antu da sinadarai albarkatun kasa ba, amma kuma za a iya amfani da a matsayin sabon yanayi-friendly narkar da dusar ƙanƙara wakili don hana gurbatar ruwa a cikin ƙasa.
Hakanan za'a iya amfani da Formic acid don yin sel mai tushen tsari waɗanda ke amfani da formic acid kai tsaye azaman ɗanyen abu. Ta hanyar mayar da sinadarin formic acid tare da iskar oxygen don samar da carbon dioxide da ruwa, ƙwayoyin mai za su iya samar da wutar lantarki don kunna ƙananan na'urori masu ɗauka kamar wayoyin hannu da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka.
Kwayoyin man fetur na gargajiya sun fi yawan man fetur na hydrogen da ƙwayoyin man methanol. Iyakokin ƙwayoyin man fetur na hydrogen sune tsadar ƙaramin kwantena na hydrogen, ƙarancin ƙarfin kuzarin iskar gas, da haɗarin haɗari da amfani da hydrogen; Ko da yake methanol yana da yawan kuzarin kuzari, yawan iskar oxygen ɗin sa na electrocatalytic ya yi ƙasa da na hydrogen, kuma methanol mai guba ne, wanda ke hana yin amfani da shi sosai. Formic acid ruwa ne a dakin da zafin jiki, yana da ɗanɗano mai guba, kuma yana da ƙarfin lantarki mafi girma fiye da hydrogen da methanol, don haka ƙwayoyin man fetur na formic acid suna da babban ƙarfin aiki da kewayon aikace-aikacen idan aka kwatanta da hydrogen da ƙwayoyin man methanol [9-10]. Tantanin man fetur na kai tsaye (DFAFC) sabon ƙarni ne na samar da wutar lantarki ta hannu da šaukuwa saboda sauƙin ƙirar sa, takamaiman takamaiman ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Fasahar tana canza makamashin sinadarai da aka adana a cikin formic acid da oxygen kai tsaye zuwa wutar lantarki.
Baturin, idan aka haɓaka, zai iya samar da wutar lantarki kusan watts 10 gabaɗaya, wanda ke nufin zai iya sarrafa yawancin ƙananan na'urori. Bugu da ƙari, a matsayin tushen wutar lantarki, ƙwayoyin man fetur na formic acid kai tsaye suna da fa'ida na babban inganci da haske, kamar babu cajin filogi, idan aka kwatanta da baturan lithium-ion. Yayin da fasahar ke girma, ana sa ran za ta yi gogayya da batir lithium a cikin ƙananan kasuwar samar da wutar lantarki. A lokaci guda kuma, ƙwayoyin man fetur na formic acid suna da fa'idodin maras guba, mara ƙonewa, ajiya mai dacewa da sufuri, ayyukan lantarki, mafi girman ƙarfin kuzari, haɓakar proton, ƙaramin watsawa zuwa membrane musayar proton, kuma yana iya samar da ikon fitarwa mafi girma. yawa a ƙananan zafin jiki, wanda ƙwararrun masana masana'antu suka fi so. Masana'antar lantarki za ta kasance mafi girman riba idan irin waɗannan batura sun zama masu amfani. Tare da haɓaka fasahar fasaha da rage farashin, ƙwayar man fetur na formic acid zai nuna kyakkyawan fata na aikace-aikacen masana'antu saboda halayensa na ceton makamashi da kare muhalli.
Formic acid, a matsayin samfurin sinadari tare da ƙarin ƙima a cikin sarrafa carbon dioxide da kuma cikin sake yin amfani da kayan albarkatun sinadarai, ƙarin samfuri ne na sake zagayowar carbon kuma yana rage farashin samarwa. A nan gaba, zai yi tasiri mai mahimmanci akan sake yin amfani da carbon da makamashi da kuma rarraba albarkatun.

2. Formic acid shine formic acid. Shin formic acid acetic acid?
Formic acid ne formic acid, formic acid ba acetic acid, acetic acid ba formic acid, formic acid ne formic acid. Kuna tsammanin Xiaobian fata ne sosai, a gaskiya, Xiaobian yana da gaske a gare ku don gabatar da waɗannan sinadarai guda biyu daban-daban.
Formic acid kuma ana kiransa formic acid kuma yana da dabarar HCOOH. Formic acid ba shi da launi amma yana da zafi kuma yana haifar da kumburi, sa'an nan kuma yana yin ja yayin hulɗa da fatar ɗan adam. Formaldehyde yana da kaddarorin duka acid da aldehyde. A cikin masana'antar sinadarai, ana amfani da formic acid a cikin roba, magani, rini, masana'antar fata. Formic acid, da sunansa na kowa, shine acid carboxylic mafi sauƙi. Wani ruwa mara launi mai kamshi. Rauni electrolyte, narkewa 8.6, tafasar batu 100.7. Yana da yawan acidic da caustic, kuma yana iya fusatar da fata ta kumbura. Ana samunsa a cikin sirrin ƙudan zuma da wasu tururuwa da caterpillars.
formic acid (formic acid) shine carboxylic acid mai ragewa tare da carbon guda ɗaya. An gano shi a baya a cikin tururuwa, don haka sunan formic acid.
Acetic acid, wanda kuma ake kira acetic acid (36% -38%), glacial acetic acid (98%), tsarin sinadarai CH3COOH, wani nau'i ne na kwayoyin monic acid, a matsayin babban bangaren vinegar. Pure anhydrous acetic acid (glacial acetic acid) ne mai launi hygroscopic m tare da daskarewa batu na 16.6 ℃ da crystal mara launi bayan solidification. Maganin sa mai ruwa da ruwa yana da rauni acidic kuma yana lalata, kuma tururi yana da tasiri mai ban haushi akan idanu da hanci.
Formic acid ana amfani da ko'ina a cikin sinadarai pharmaceutical, roba coagulant, yadi, bugu da rini, electroplating, fata filayen, shi ne ainihin albarkatun kasa na Organic sinadaran masana'antu, yawanci amfani a cikin masana'antu yafi nufin 85% formic acid.

3. Yaya ake cire ruwa daga formic acid?
Formic acid don cire ruwa, na iya ƙara anhydrous jan karfe sulfate, anhydrous magnesium sulfate don cire ruwa, waɗannan su ne hanyoyin sinadarai, ban da takamaiman umarnin.
(1) Don sauke ruwa mai sulfuric acid mai tattarawa zuwa cikin formic acid, yakamata a ƙara ta cikin mazugi mai raba. Don haka, ya kamata mu zaɓi na'urar ②; Maganin sodium hydroxide, maganin calcium hydroxide zai iya ɗaukar ƙaramin adadin iskar formic acid gauraye a cikin CO, amma ƙarfin ɗaukar maganin sodium hydroxide ya fi ƙarfin maganin calcium hydroxide. Saboda haka, na'urar zaɓi ③;
(2) Ana fitar da iskar carbon monoxide daga B, daga D zuwa maganin sodium hydroxide don cire iskar formic acid, kuma daga C; Sannan ka shiga daga G, karkashin yanayi mai zafi. Rage carbon monoxide na jan karfe oxide, gas daga H, sannan daga F zuwa maganin calcium hydroxide, gwada tsarar carbon dioxide. Saboda haka, jerin haɗin haɗin yanar gizo na kowane kayan aiki shine: B, D, C, G, H, F.
(3) A karkashin yanayin dumama, jan karfe oxide yana raguwa zuwa jan karfe, don haka, daga farkon dumama zuwa ƙarshen gwajin, canjin launi na jan ƙarfe oxide foda shine: baki ya zama ja, ƙimar amsa shine: CuO+ CO
△ Cu+CO2.
(4) A cikin martanin da aka yi don samar da CO, sulfuric acid mai tattarawa yana lalata formic acid don samar da carbon monoxide, wanda ke taka rawar bushewa.
Amsar ita ce:
(1) ②, ③;
(2) BDGHF;
(3) Baƙar fata zuwa ja, CuO+CO △Cu+CO2;
(4) rashin ruwa.

4. Bayanin kaddarorin, kwanciyar hankali da hanyoyin ajiya na anhydrous formic acid
Matsakaicin acid acid ya fi 95% don zama mai mai da hankali ga acid acid, maida hankali sama da 99.5% da aka sani da anhydrous formic acid, shine ainihin albarkatun masana'antar sinadarai, an yi amfani da shi sosai a cikin magungunan sinadarai, roba coagulant, yadi, bugu da rini. , electroplating, fata da sauran filayen, wannan da anhydrous formic acid kaddarorin da kwanciyar hankali ba su iya rabuwa, a kan kaddarorin da kwanciyar hankali na anhydrous formic acid da kuma hanyoyin ajiya da aka bayyana kamar haka:
Properties da kwanciyar hankali na anhydrous formic acid:
1. Chemical Properties: Formic acid ne mai karfi rage wakili da zai iya samar da azurfa madubi dauki. Ya fi acidic a cikin cikakken fatty acids, kuma yawan rarrabawa shine 2.1 × 10-4. A hankali yana rushewa zuwa carbon monoxide da ruwa a yanayin zafi. Tare da maida hankali sulfuric acid dumama 60 ~ 80 ℃, bazuwar saki carbon monoxide. Formic acid yana rushewa don sakin carbon dioxide da hydrogen lokacin da zafi sama da 160 ℃. Gishirin ƙarfe na alkali na formic acid yana mai zafi a *** 400 ℃ don samar da oxalate.
2. Formic acid yana narkar da mai. Shakar iska mai iska na formic acid na iya haifar da mugun fushi ga mucosa na hanci da na baki kuma yana iya haifar da kumburi. Sanya abin rufe fuska mai kariya da safar hannu na roba lokacin da ake sarrafa ma'aunin formic acid. Dole ne taron ya kasance yana da kayan shawa da kayan wanke ido, wurin aiki dole ne ya sami isashshen iska mai kyau, kuma mafi girman ƙyalli na formic acid a cikin iska a cikin yankin iyaka shine 5 * 10-6. Wadanda abin ya shafa ya kamata su bar wurin nan da nan, su shaka iska mai kyau, su shaka 2% atomized sodium bicarbonate. Da zarar an gurbata shi da formic acid, wanke nan da nan tare da ruwa mai yawa, kula da kada a shafa da rigar rigar.
3. Kwanciyar hankali: Kwanciyar hankali
4. Polymerization haɗari: Babu polymerization
5. Haramtaccen fili: mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, alkali mai ƙarfi, foda mai aiki
Hanyar ajiya mai anhydrous formic acid:
Kariyar ajiya don anhydrous formic acid: Ajiye a cikin ɗakin ajiya mai sanyi, mai iska. Ka nisantar da wuta da zafi. Yanayin zafin jiki na ɗakin ajiya bai wuce 32 ℃ ba, kuma dangi zafi bai wuce 80%. Rike akwati a rufe. Ya kamata a adana shi daban daga oxidizer, alkali da foda mai aiki, kuma kada a haɗa shi. An sanye shi da daidaitattun nau'ikan da adadin kayan wuta. Wurin ajiya ya kamata a sanye shi da kayan aikin jinya na gaggawa da kayan riƙewa masu dacewa.

5. Formic acid samfurin sinadari ne na yau da kullun a rayuwarmu.
Ga mafi yawan mutane, babban abin da ke tattare da sinadarin ‘formic acid’ shi ne kamshinsa mai kamshi, wanda ake iya jin kamshinsa daga nesa, amma kuma wannan shi ne ra’ayin da akasarin mutane ke da shi a kan formic acid.
To menene formic acid? Wani irin amfani yake dashi? A ina yake nunawa a rayuwarmu? Jira, mutane da yawa ba za su iya amsa wannan ba.
A gaskiya ma, yana iya fahimtar cewa formic acid ba samfurin jama'a ba ne bayan haka, don fahimtar shi, ko samun wani ilimi, sana'a ko ƙofa na ƙwararru.
A matsayin wanda ba shi da launi, amma akwai ƙamshi na ruwa, kuma yana da acid mai ƙarfi da lalata, idan ba a kula da amfani da yatsa ko wani wuri na fata ba tare da haɗuwa da shi kai tsaye, to fuskar fata za ta kasance saboda haushi. kumfa kai tsaye, buƙatar ganin likita da wuri-wuri, don magani.
To amma duk da cewa sinadarin ‘formic acid’ ya zama gama gari wajen wayar da kan jama’a, amma a hakikanin gaskiya yana daya daga cikin sinadarai da aka fi amfani da shi, ba wai kawai ya bayyana a kowane fanni na rayuwarmu ba, akwai fagage da dama da ba ka yi tunani a kai ba, a hakikanin gaskiya. , formic acid ya wanzu, kuma ya ba da gudummawa da yawa. Rike matsayi mai mahimmanci.
Ana iya samun Formic acid a masana'antu irin su magungunan kashe qwari, fata, rini, magunguna da roba, idan kun dan kula.
Formic acid da aqueous mafita na formic acid ba kawai narke karfe oxides, hydroxides da daban-daban karafa, amma kuma format da suka samar za a iya narkar da a cikin ruwa, don haka za a iya amfani da su azaman sinadaran tsaftacewa jamiái.
Baya ga aikace-aikacen da ke sama, ana iya amfani da formic acid ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:
1. Magunguna: bitamin B1, mebendazole, aminopyrine, da dai sauransu;
2, magungunan kashe qwari: foda tsatsa ning, triazolone, tricyclozole, triamidazole, polybulozole, tenobulozole, kwari ether, da dai sauransu.;
3. Chemistry: calcium formate, sodium formate, ammonium formate, potassium formate, ethyl formate, barium formate, formamide, rubber antioxidant, neopentyl glycol, epoxy waken soya man fetur, epoxy octyl waken soya man fetur, tervalyl chloride, Paint cire, phenolic guduro, pickling karfe faranti, da dai sauransu;
4, fata: fata fata shirye-shiryen, deashing wakili da neutralizing wakili;
5, roba: na halitta roba coagulant;
6, wasu: bugu da rini mordant, fiber da takarda rini wakili, magani wakili, plasticizer, abinci adana da dabba feed Additives, da dai sauransu.